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Aaron (~2300-2400 B.C.) ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ
Biblical version of Haroon of the Islamic
literature, but not exactly so. He is depicted
in the Torah as the one who instituted calf-
worship: “And Aaron said to them, ‘Take off
the rings of gold which are in the ears of
your wives, your sons, and your daughters,
and bring them to me.’ So all the people took
off the rings of gold which were in their
ears, and brought them to Aaron. And he
received the gold at their hand, and
fashioned it with a graving tool, and made a
molten calf; and they said, ‘These are your
gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of
the land of Egypt!’ When Aaron saw this, he
built an altar before it; and Aaron made
proclamation and said, ‘Tomorrow shall be a
feast to the Lord.’” (Ex., 32: 2-5). This was
despite the fact that Aaron and his progeny
had been appointed earlier as the chief
priest whose priestly garment alone
(including a turban) was specified in detail
occupying an entire chapter (Ex., ch. 28).
The Torah also attributes the miracle of the
rod turning into snake to Aaron: “So Moses
and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did as the
Lord commanded; Aaron cast down his rod
before Pharaoh and his servants, and it
became a serpent” (Ex., 7: 10). Similarly, the
miracle of “frogs all over the place,” is also
attributed to Aaron instead of Moses: “And
the Lord said to Moses, ‘Say to Aaron,
‘Stretch out your hand with your rod over
the rivers, over the canals, and over the
pools, and cause frogs to come upon the
land of Egypt.’” (Ex., 8: 5)
According to the Bible, Aaron does not seem
to go well with Moses either. He is unhappy
that Moses married a Chusite woman,
although the impression one gets from
Num. 12: 1-15, (as pointed out by the New
Catholic Encyclopedia, Second Edition, Gale
Pub.), is that he is the “envy of Moses as the
instrument of God’s revelation.” And,
according to Num 20: 24 he is “forbidden to
enter the Promised Land because of the
incident at Meriba, where he sinned against
the Lord” (Ibid).
The Encyclopedia Judaica, (Second Edition,
Gale Publication) confirms Aaron’s
introduction of calf-worship among the
Israelites after their escape from Egypt: “It
was during his brother’s prolonged absence
on the mount that, yielding to popular
insistence, he fashioned a golden calf that
became a cause of apostasy (ch. 32). On the
one hand, the text stresses the grave
responsibility of Aaron in this incident. He
makes no attempt to dissuade the would-be
idolaters, but himself issues instructions,
produces the molten image, builds an altar,
and proclaims a religious festival (32:2–5).”
Obviously, this is not the Haroon of the
Qur’an wherein he is declared (Taha, 20:
90), as actually preventing the idolatrous act.
Yet, he died a popular figure. Mighty Moses
might have brought the Israelis out of Egypt,
but Aaron is the preferred priest. Says The
Encyclopedia Judaica: “Aaron was one of
those who died not on account of sin ‘but
through the machinations of the
serpent.’” (Sif. Deut. 338–9). When Aaron
died “all the house of Israel” wept for him
(Num. 20:29), while after the death of
Moses, the stern leader who reprimanded
them by harsh words, only part of the
people, “the men,” bewailed him (Sifra
45d).”

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